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Post by yubochur on Nov 20, 2005 15:27:05 GMT -5
I've been reading about Robert Oppenheimer and the Manhattan Project, and I would like to get everybody's opinion on something Oppenheimer supposedly said. I've heard/seen this phrase quoted in variant forms, but the gist of it is that, a few years after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Oppenheimer declared in a public speech that "scientists have known sin." After all the effort put into the project during the war, all coordinated and encouraged by Oppenheimer, do you suppose he regretted his role? I'm inclined to believe that as a scientist, he had no choice but to play his part in the development of nuclear physics; I think Kuhn's social construction of science is a very powerful factor to consider. But the actual execution, the part that would devastate countless lives, was perhaps something that got overlooked in the excitement- both the scientific fervor and the strong anti-German (and pro-American) nature of the project. It was this second stage, dropping the bomb, especially now that it was on Japan and not on Germany (and German industrial zones and Armies), that was somehow ignored, and only a perch farther down in history could expose the horror . So that failure to consider its ramifications- that's what I would consider the "sin," although Oppenheimer most likely meant the development of science in that particular direction. [one last point- If that is indeed waht he referring to, the development of nuclear science, couldn't we just say that it was inevitable that science would reach that far?)
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Post by fcastle25 on Nov 21, 2005 17:55:16 GMT -5
Did he regret his role? That is hard to answer. I think he struggled with guilt, not because of the development of nuclear weapons per se, but with how they were used. These two bombs were dropped on civilian targets with the initial death toll at 120,000 people. I don't know of anyone that wouldn't feel some degree of guilt over that type of loss even if it did bring about the end of the war. I also think what he was referring to was the fact that most science and scientists up till then were always concerned with making life and society better in some way. This is one of the first times in history where a completely unknown field of science was studied and developed specifically for making war and taking lives. I'm sure he knew that the development of nuclear science (and weapons) were inevitable as most of the super powers of that day had some form of nuclear R&D program I just don't think that fact provided him with much consolation. How would you feel if you had to choose between killing an unknown number of the enemy or watching an unknown number of your own countrymen die? I can't imagine how hard either would be to live with.
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Post by tomwbarker on Nov 24, 2005 22:10:20 GMT -5
The question of the use of the atomic bomb is always a question of moral judgment. As a historian I believe the question of morality is invalid except for those who were involved in the events and knowing what they felt. A recent book that just came out, Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan by Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, argues that Japan’s surrendering and the events that unfolded were in reality a race to see who could get the best concessions from Japan between the US and Russia. Hasegawa also states that Truman’s depiction of being sad at the lost of life from the use of the bomb, did not become an issue till after the death tolls came in and the destruction was actually made known to him. Japan did file, in Geneva charges that the use of the bomb did constitute the use of an inhumane weapon, or something along those lines, but after the war the relationship was different between Japan and the US and it was never pursued. I think Oppenheimer statement is something we all do, “what if I would have caught that ball,” “what if I had did better on the test” etc . . . not to say that this is in anyway compared to his contributions to the Manhattan project, but people do it all the time. Hope this makes sense. And I highly recommend: Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan by Tsuyoshi Hasegawa. Great BOOK that is easy to understand and really has good use of the Soviet archives that were not till recently available.
TOM
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